Information and Software Technology

 

Glossary


application server A common type of Internet server that stores PC office applications, databases, or other applications and makes them available to client programs that request them.

 
application service provider (ASP) A company that manages and delivers application services on a contract basis.

 
blog Short for Web log, a personal Web page that often carries diary- like entries or political commentaries. Blogs are fast proliferating as new software allows users to create Web pages without having to learn the technical details of HTML and Web authoring.

 
broadband connection An Internet connection such as DSL or cable modem that offers higher bandwidth, and therefore faster transmission speed, than standard modem connections.

 
business-to-business (B2B) E-commerce transactions that involve businesses providing goods or services to other businesses.

 
business-to-consumer (B2C) E-commerce transactions that involve businesses providing goods or services to consumers.

 
cable modems A type of broadband Internet connection that uses the same network of coaxial cables that delivers TV signals.

 
cookie Small files deposited on a user's hard disk by Web sites, enabling sites to remember what they know about their visitors between sessions.

 
cyberspace A term used to describe the Internet and other online networks, especially the artificial realities and virtual communities that form on them. First coined by William Gibson in his novel, Neuromancer.

 
data-driven Web site A Web site that can display dynamic, changeable content without having constantly redesigned pages, due to an evolving database that separates the site's content from its design.

 
digital cash A system for purchasing goods and services on the Internet without using credit cards.

 
digital divide A term that describes the divide between the people who do and do not have access to the Internet.

 
DSL (digital subscriber line) A type of broadband connection to the Internet offered by phone companies.

 
direct connection A dedicated, direct connection to the Internet through a LAN, with the computer having its own IP address.

 
electronic commerce (e-commerce) Business transactions through electronic networks.

 
email server A specialized server that acts like a local post office for a particular Internet host.

 
XML Extensible Markup language, a language that enables Web developers to control and display data the way they control text and graphics. Forms, database queries, and other data-intensive operations that can't be completely constructed with standard HTML are much easier with XML.

 
extranets Private TCP/IP networks designed for outside use by customers, clients, and business partners of an organization. These networks are typically for electronic commerce.

 
file transfer protocol (FTP) A communications protocol that enables users to download files from remote servers to their computers and to upload files they want to share from their computers to these archives.

 
filtering software Software that, for the most part, keeps offensive and otherwise inappropriate Web content from being viewed by children, on-duty workers, and others.

 
HTML (hypertext markup language) An HTML document is a text file that includes codes that describe the format, layout, and logical structure of a hypermedia document. Most Web pages are created with HTML.

 
Internet service provider (ISP) A business that provides its customers with connections to the Internet along with other services.

 
internetworking Connecting different types of networks and computer systems.

 
intranet A self-contained intraorganizational network that is designed using the same technology as the Internet.

 
Java A platform-neutral, object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems for use on multiplatform networks.

 
JavaScript A Web scripting language similar to, but otherwise unrelated to, Java.

 
narrowband connections Dial-up Internet connections; named because they don't offer much bandwidth when compared to other types of connections.

 
open standards Standards not owned by any company.

 
packet-switching The standard technique used to send information over the Internet. A message is broken into packets that travel independently from network to network toward their common destination, where they are reunited.

 
peer-to-peer (P2P) computing See peer-to-peer model.

 
plug-in A software extension that adds new features.

 
portal A Web site designed as a Web entry station, offering quick and easy access to a variety of services.

 
satellite Internet connections A broadband technology available through many of the same satellite dishes that provide television channels to viewers. For many rural homes and businesses, satellite Internet connections provide the only high-speed Internet access options available.

 
streaming audio Sound files that play without being completely downloaded to the local hard disk.

 
streaming video Video clip files that play while being downloaded.

 
URL (uniform resource locator) The address of a Web site.

 
virtual private networks Networks that use encryption software to create secure "tunnels" through the public Internet.

 
Web authoring software Programs such as Macromedia's Dreamweaver that work like desktop publishing page layout programs to allow users to create, edit, and manage Web pages and sites without having to write HTML code.

 
Web bug An invisible piece of code embedded in HTML-formatted email that is programmed to send information about its receiver's Web use back to its creator.

 
Weblog (or blog) See blog.

 
Web server A server that stores Web pages and sends them to client programs-Web browsers-that request them.

 
Web services New kinds of Web-based applications that can be assembled quickly using existing software components.

 
World Wide Web (WWW) Part of the Internet, a collection of multimedia documents created by organizations and users worldwide. Documents are linked in a hypertext Web that allows users to explore them with simple mouse clicks.

 
XHTML Markup language that combines features of HTML and XML; its advantage is its backward compatibility with HTML.

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Copyright © Chris Betcher & Margie Gardner
MCP Computing Studies Department
Last updated on Monday August 13, 2007